Every living thing is made up of cells. Millions and trillions of cells to be more specific. In eukaryote cells, cells that contain a nuclei, each cell has structures in them called organelles. Organelle means "little organs", and in some ways they are tiny organs that help the cell perform its job. Each organelle has a specific function to do in the cell.
Organelles in all cells
Organelles only in plant cells
Organelles only in animal cells
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Chloroplast
Lysome
Cell membrane
There are about 18 organelles in a cell. The first organelle is the cell membrane. It controls what enters and exits the cell. They protect the cell because they create a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. They are made up of special lipids called phospholipids. This is found in all cells.
The second organelle is the cell wall. The cell wall the rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane. The cell wall is an organelle that only plants have. It is one of the main differences between a plant and an animal cell. It is made up of polysaccharides cellulose. It protects the cell membrane. It will limit the amount of large molecules in the cell because they might be toxic. Therefore, they protect the whole cell.
The third organelle is the chloroplast. The chloroplast converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy(sugar). This process is called photosynthesis. It is one of the food producers of the cell. This organelle is only in plant cells because plants are autotrophs and get their energy from the sun while animals for example are heterotrophs and rely on other organisms for energy.
The fourth organelle is the cilia. It is Latin for "eyelash", and in a way it does look like long, thin, eyelashes. The cilia is fine hair like structures that help the cell move, or things move around the cell. They are usually in animal cells and rare to plants.
The fifth organelle is the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance found in all cells. Its found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is 80 percent water and it is usually clear. It is the location of many chemical reactions, but it's main function is to maintain shape.
This gives a basic overview of where the cytoplasm is located
The sixth organelle is the cytoskeleton. It is the "skeleton" of the cell. It allows the cell to move and protect itself. It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that gives the cell its shape. The main function of this organelle is to keep the shape and hold the cell together.
The seventh organelle is the flagella. The flagella have a large whip like tail that they use for movement. They use the tail for movement so they can boost forward. One example is the sperm cell, the sperm cell uses its flagella to move into the female reproductive track. The cilia and the flagella and identical except for there lengths. The flagella is very important in the cell because it is how the cell moves around. There is usually only one or two flagella's on a cell.
The eighth organelle is the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus packages, modifies, and ships the cell products. It processes and packs things like proteins and lipids before they get to their destination. They can modify proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or transport lipids around the cell. In a plant, the Golgi may create sugars and send them off to vesicles. There are a lot of ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus because they work closely with the rough er.
The ninth organelle is the lysosome. The lysosome recycle old and worn our organelle and cell parts. The lysosome is only found in animal cells. Their function is to digest excess organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. They also hold enzymes that were created by the cell. The lysosome is the trash can in the cell. Trash needs to go someone and with the lysosome the cell does not need to worry about it.
The tenth organelle is the mitochondria. The mitochondria converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use. This is were cellular respiration is created. Cellular respiration is were high energy carries are created by breaking down glucose. The mitochondria is a very important location because it holds cellular respiration and it provides the cell with energy to move and divide.
The eleventh organelle is the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus. It serves at a barrier to separate the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It has a double lipid bilayer that attaches the genetic material in the cell.
The twelve organelle is the nucleus. The nucleus is a very important part of the cell. It holds the cells DNA and it controls the cells actions such as eating, moving, and reproducing. The nucleus contains the chromosomes of the cell(DNA). It could be compared to the brain of the cell. If something were to happen to that cell the nucleus would be one of the first ones to know about it.
The thirteenth organelle is the nucleolus. It is a small, dense region in the nuclei. The nucleolus is where the DNA is kept and it is were ribosomes are formed. It is also very rich in protein and RNA.
This picture shows breaks down the nuclues so you can see all of it's parts
The fourteenth organelle is the ribosomes. The ribosomes is a small particle in the cell were proteins are made. They carry out protein synthesis and they are found in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER. They are proteins that make other proteins.If you need to find proteins in a cell, look for ribosomes.
The fifteenth organelle is the rough endoplasmic reticulum, or the rough ER. It has a rough appearance because it is covered in ribosomes.The ribosomes get attached to the membrane of the rough ER. The ribosomes builds an amino acid chain. When protein is made, the rough ER takes off a vesicle. It can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus when it is done.
The sixteenth organelle is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or smooth ER. Its function is to act as a storage organelle. For instance it stores steroids. It preforms drug and poison detoxification and converts them to safer products. It also manufactures membrane lipids.
This picture shows the smooth er on the left and the rough er on the right
The seventeenth organelle is the transport vesicles. It is a small membrane that can store transport substance. Most vesicles have specialized functions which varies on what they contain.
The eighteenth organelle is the vacuole. The vacuole stores materials like water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates, ect. It contains the excess that the cell doesn't normally need all the time. It doesn't have a specific size because it varies for each cell.
Organelles
This page was created by Aryn Cooper
Every living thing is made up of cells. Millions and trillions of cells to be more specific. In eukaryote cells, cells that contain a nuclei, each cell has structures in them called organelles. Organelle means "little organs", and in some ways they are tiny organs that help the cell perform its job. Each organelle has a specific function to do in the cell.There are about 18 organelles in a cell.
The first organelle is the cell membrane. It controls what enters and exits the cell. They protect the cell because they create a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell. They are made up of special lipids called phospholipids. This is found in all cells.
The second organelle is the cell wall. The cell wall the rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane. The cell wall is an organelle that only plants have. It is one of the main differences between a plant and an animal cell. It is made up of polysaccharides cellulose. It protects the cell membrane. It will limit the amount of large molecules in the cell because they might be toxic. Therefore, they protect the whole cell.
The third organelle is the chloroplast. The chloroplast converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy(sugar). This process is called photosynthesis. It is one of the food producers of the cell. This organelle is only in plant cells because plants are autotrophs and get their energy from the sun while animals for example are heterotrophs and rely on other organisms for energy.
The fourth organelle is the cilia. It is Latin for "eyelash", and in a way it does look like long, thin, eyelashes. The cilia is fine hair like structures that help the cell move, or things move around the cell. They are usually in animal cells and rare to plants.
The fifth organelle is the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance found in all cells. Its found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It is 80 percent water and it is usually clear. It is the location of many chemical reactions, but it's main function is to maintain shape.
The eighth organelle is the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus packages, modifies, and ships the cell products. It processes and packs things like proteins and lipids before they get to their destination. They can modify proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or transport lipids around the cell. In a plant, the Golgi may create sugars and send them off to vesicles. There are a lot of ribosomes in the Golgi apparatus because they work closely with the rough er.
The tenth organelle is the mitochondria. The mitochondria converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for the cell to use. This is were cellular respiration is created. Cellular respiration is were high energy carries are created by breaking down glucose. The mitochondria is a very important location because it holds cellular respiration and it provides the cell with energy to move and divide.
The eleventh organelle is the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope protects the nucleus. It serves at a barrier to separate the nucleus to the cytoplasm. It has a double lipid bilayer that attaches the genetic material in the cell.
The twelve organelle is the nucleus. The nucleus is a very important part of the cell. It holds the cells DNA and it controls the cells actions such as eating, moving, and reproducing. The nucleus contains the chromosomes of the cell(DNA). It could be compared to the brain of the cell. If something were to happen to that cell the nucleus would be one of the first ones to know about it.
The thirteenth organelle is the nucleolus. It is a small, dense region in the nuclei. The nucleolus is where the DNA is kept and it is were ribosomes are formed. It is also very rich in protein and RNA.
The fourteenth organelle is the ribosomes. The ribosomes is a small particle in the cell were proteins are made. They carry out protein synthesis and they are found in the cytoplasm or attached to rough ER. They are proteins that make other proteins.If you need to find proteins in a cell, look for ribosomes.
The fifteenth organelle is the rough endoplasmic reticulum, or the rough ER. It has a rough appearance because it is covered in ribosomes.The ribosomes get attached to the membrane of the rough ER. The ribosomes builds an amino acid chain. When protein is made, the rough ER takes off a vesicle. It can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus when it is done.
The sixteenth organelle is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, or smooth ER. Its function is to act as a storage organelle. For instance it stores steroids. It preforms drug and poison detoxification and converts them to safer products. It also manufactures membrane lipids.
The eighteenth organelle is the vacuole. The vacuole stores materials like water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates, ect. It contains the excess that the cell doesn't normally need all the time. It doesn't have a specific size because it varies for each cell.
Here are some websites that could further your understanding
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm This website will let you look at each organelle of either a plant or animal cell
http://www.purposegames.com/game/learn-organelles-plant-cell-quiz This website has a game on it that will ask you to find each organelle in a plant cell
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=ap11604 This website has review of what each organelle is in an animal cell
Here are some websites i used
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
http://visalia.k12.ca.us/eldiamante/science/biology/html_stuff/Cell%20Organelles.htm#Mitochondria
Other sources i used
Notes in class(Cellular Organelles, Unit 2 study guide, ext.)
Textbook 7-2(pages 174-181)